Steam boiler and evaporator



June 2.1, 1927.

W.D@NALD STEAM BQILER AND EVAPORATOR 6 Sheets-Sheet Filed Dec. 9. 1925 oood o o 000 0 0 0 0 0 DOOOU 0 O 0 o u e nauoo m t June 21, 1927.

W. DONALD STEAM Boum AND EvAPoRATon Filed Dc. e, 1925 e sheets-sheet 2un 2l yl J e 927 1w. DONALD STEAM BOLER-'AND EVAPORATOR Filed bec. sa.1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 N. .UC

..411 NIHMHMMMH June 21 1927. w.- DONALD 33 398 STEAM BOILER ANDEVAPORATOR Filed Dec. 9. 1925 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 June 21, 1927. w. DONALDI 33 398 STEAM BOILER AND EVAPORATOR Filed Dec. 9. .1925

' 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 F\G.l8

FIG. l0

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June y W. DONALD STEAM BOILER AND EVAPORATOR Filed Deo. 9. 1925 6Sheets-Sheet 6 1.-" lll/4 Villani/1211111114 Patented June 21, 1927.

Anu1'rsli STATES PATENT ori-"Alca i WILLIAM DONALD, OF GLASGrW,`SCOTLAND. Y

' STEAM BorLnR Annv EvAPoRAToR.

Application ined December 9,1925, seria1No.,74,4o3, and iireret BritainDecember 17, i924.

This invention has reference to steam boilers and evaporators, and hasparticular reference to boilers or evaporators of the horizontalfire-tubetype, that are .provided with a multiplicity of fire-tubesextending i longitudinally therethrough for the passage fi d of gaseousproducts of combustion."

My invention has .for its object to provide a boiler ofthe' type setforth wherebystli'e content-s thereof canbe vmore uniformly and quicklyheated. Y d' n v A further object of my inventionY is to provide animproved construction ,and arrangement of firing chambers andv smokeboxes. d A furtherfobjectis to enable the firing tubes to be veasily andquickly cleaned. Y

A further object is to provide an improved construction o'liiretubes,A iA still further object of my invention is to provide an auxiliary`boilerv or boilersto be heated by waste heat. Y i

Those and `other improvements will be hereinafter describedk andvpointed outin the claims. 1

According to my invention, horizontal fire4 tube boilers or evaporators,yhereafter referred to as boilers,are providedlateach end thereofjvithgas burners, ireboxes or'furnaces or are otherwise adapted to be tiredat both ends simultaneously, so that the gaseous products of combustionentering the fire tubes at each end traverse the complete length of theboiler. l

According to one embodiment Vof my-in. ventionV a boiler or evaporator,hereinafter referred to as a boiler, is provided with a smoke box ateach end thereof, tubes extending from the outer tube plate of eachsmoke box7 through the correspondinglboxes, through the boiler orevaporator, and terminating in the other smoke box, and gas burners,furnaces or the like provided to direct hot gaseous products ofcombustion into the: exposed'ends of said'fire tubes and'.

suction draught.Y pipes attached to each smoke fbox by means of whichgaseous products of combustion are drawn from each end of the' boilersimu-ltaneously`-andtravelini:

opposite directions through the boilerffor evaporator to the smoke box.at the other end thereof.

The said smoke boxes maybe ,separate-d from the boilerends and the gasburners or the likev located in the 'i ring chambers formed between theboiler ends and smoke boxes, the lire tubes `extending from each endtube plate of the boiler, through the boiler and through the saidychambers to the lcorresponding smokebox. .Y

yBy such construct-ion .the hottest part of the'fire tubes is locatedwithin therboiler and not within the'smoke box. 1

VIf"` desired an auxiliary boiler or 'heater maybe provided at one orboth ends of the boiler and between said firing chambers and thecorresponding smoke box, they fire tubes being` extended through, orprovided with extensions'exten'ding through said auxiliary l boiler orheater, or boilers or heaters, and termmating'in the correspondingsmokebox.

.To facilitate the cleaning-of the [ire tubes, spy holes are provided inthe outer plate of the smoke boxes and directly in line with the ends ofthe tubes which terminate there-V in, said holes being provided withmovable covers.

erly understood Ihave hereunto appendedv six explanatory sheets ofdrawings and Whereon Figurel illustrates one construction of boiler inaccordance with my invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view, and

Figure 3 illustrates an end 'elevation of vfthe boiler showing two;arrangements of 'gas burners. f

Figures 4 and v5 illustrate views corresponding to' Figures.v l andf'respectivelyV of a boiler with smoke boxes separated from the boilerends and gas burners located Within the iringchambers betweenthe boilerends and smoke boxes. y l

`Figure "6 is a sectional elevation on the line G-G'Fgu're 4. e

Figures 7 and 8,;illustrat'er elevationand plan respectively and Figure9fis a sectional end'elevation on Ytheline 9-9 Figure 7, of a boiler inaccordance with my invention and provided with auxiliary boilers at theends thereof, located between the firing chambers and smoke boxes.

Figure 10 illustrates in section. two fire tubes and stay rod asprovided in the boiler provi-ded in the boiler shown in Figures 7,` Sand 9.

Figure .13 illustrates a portion of one end tube plate ofthe boilerillustrated in VFigure 1l.

Figure 14 is a sectiony through the said plate showing the ring ends ofthe tubes which terminate therein.

Figure 15 illustrates the manner in which the ends of the other tubeswhich pass through said yplate are secured in position.

Figures 16, 17 and 18 illustrate views correspon-ding to Figures 18, llland 15 respectively of the tube plate and tubes shown in Figure 7.

Figurer19 is a plan view of two fire tubes corresponding to those shownin Figure 11 and showing the boiler including the smoke boxes thereof.

Figure. 20 shows the tube in section with helical worm located therein,and with winding handle attached thereto.

Figure 21 shows to a larger scale theV junction lend of the helical wormshaft and boss of operating handle.

Throughout the drawings the same reference letters denote the sameorcorresponding. parts.

Referring to the drawings a denotes the boiler shell, al and a2 the endtube plates, 1 and Z22 the smoke boxes, (Z the gas burners, e controlcocks for the latter and f the gas main or gas supply pipes.

In the boiler illustrated iny Figures 1 to 3 the smoke boxes are locateddirectly at the ends of the boiler, the tube plates of the latter alsoconstituting the inner tube plates of the smoke boxes, and the boilershell also constituting the shell of the smoke boxes.

The lire tubes employed in this apparatus are illustrated in Figure 10from which it will be seen that each tube comprises a tube extendinglongitudinally through the boiler between the two tube plates al and a2and shorter extensions which extend through the smoke boxes.

Substantially half the tubes 03 are secured at one end in correspondingholes inthe tube plate al by nuts Z and their other ends, which areexpanded, are secured by a nut Z1 in corresponding holes in the tubeplate a2.

Inserted in said expanded ends are the shorter tubes et which extendthrough the smoke box b2 to the outer tube plate b4, the

ends of said smaller tubes being likewise expanded to receive a ferrule05.

The remaining lire tubes c1 are secured by nuts Z2 in correspondingholes in the tube plate a2, extend longitudinally through the boiler tothe tube plate al and their expanded ends secured in corresponding holesin the latter plate by means of the nuts Z3. Shorter tubes c2 insertedin said expanded ends extend through the smoke box to the outer tubeplate b3, their outer ends thereof being provided likewise with ferrulesc6.

The burners CZ are located vin alignment with thek outer ends of saidshorter tubes at each end of the boiler.

Connected to the smoke boxes b1 and b2 are two pipes g which terminatein a pipe Zt connected to any suitable source of suction.

The burners shown in this arrangement are arranged in two series, theone vertical and the other horizontal as clearly vshown in Figure 3 butmay be all arranged vertically, l

horizontally or otherwise.

The boiler is also provided with the usual boiler fittings including apressure gauge y', relief valve 7c, feediwater pipe s, and steam outletpipes.

It will be noted that the pipes are all located in the lower portion orhalf of the boiler while stays m extend between the boiler tube platesin the upper part thereof. In operation the hotgasesY of combustion fromthe burners at each end of the boiler enter substantially half the tubesat each end` and pass in two seri-es of tubes in opposite directionsthrough the boiler to the smoke boxes at the opposite ends andthereafter are drawn through the pipes g and h by suction draught. Bysuch arrangement the liquid in the boiler is heated substantiallyuniformly throughout the boiler.

In Figures 4 to 6 the smoke boxes b1 and b2 are separated from the endsof boiler and a'firing chamber Z1 and Z2 formed between the end tubeplates al and a2 ofthe boiler and the tube plates 65 and Z1@ of the.smoke boxes respectively.

Located within those chambers and adjacent to the tube plates burnersfZ. Y v

The tubes for this boiler are illustrated in Figure 11.

Substantially half the tubes Z6 extend from the tube plate al, throughthe boiler, through corresponding vholes in the tube plate a2, the endsbeing screw threaded at Z7 `and secured in position by means of nutstZs.

Secured. to the screw threaded ends by Y means of coupling nuts Z9 areshorter tubesV al and a2 are the gasv Zl which extend across the chamberZ2 and are secured at the other end byymeans of coupling nuts (Zw toshort screw threaded tubes Z11 secured in theV tube plate be by means ofnuts.

The other tubes Z5 lare exactly similar but extend from the tube `plate7a2 to the tube:

plate a1 being screw threaded and securedin position by nuts and.connected by couplingl tubes to the smoke boxes and for withdraw-v ingthe waste gases from the smoke boxes as is shown in Figures l to 3. Y,

The operation of this boileris similar. to that already described, thatis the hot gaseous .products of, combustion are drawnby suction from theburners at each end ofther boiler simultaneously and travel m oppositedirections through the iii-e tubes to the smoke boxes at the other end,but, by reason of the burners being located adjacent to the end tubeplates of the boiler, the hottest part of the tubesr is within theboilerand not within the smoke boxes as in the previously described apparatus.

In Figures 7, 8 and 9v the boil-er illustrated is substantially similarto thatillustrated in Figures el, 5 and 6 with the exception that anlauxiliary boiler Z3 and L4 is located'between Yeach of the `firing.chambers Z1 and," Z2 and the corresponding smokeboxes 251A and b2respectively, and the fire tubes'or ex-A tensions thereof extendthrough. the tiring chamber and through the corresponding auxiliaryboilerand terminate inthe corre sponding smoke box.4 f l y The firetubes for such boiler are illustrated in Figure l2 and` which itwillbenoted are exactly similar to that shown in Figure llv with the exceptionthat to the screw threaded'tubes Z1y1 and ZM are cou-l pled extensiontubes Z15 Vand Z1G respectively which extend'tlirough the auxiliaryboilers ZS and Z7 respectively and which are coupled to short screwthreaded tubes Zlg7 and Z18 secured by nuts to theL tube plate Vof thesmoke boxes. l y

The operation of this boiler is exactly similar 'to that described withreference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 with the exception that liquid intheauxiliary boilers is also simultaneously heated by they gases traversingthe tubes which pass therethrough. 1

one auxiliary boilerl may' IiiY desired only be provided. The lwaterheated in the auxiliary boiler or boilers may be employed to heatthefeed water forv the main boiler orother purpose;

To'Lenable the' fire ti'ibesin the boiler to be cleaned I provide theouterplate of the smoke boxes with a series of spy holes and movablecovers thereforv located directly in alignment with the ends of thetubes which terminate therein. I y i s Vhenused as anv evaporator thevalves controlling the outlet can be operated so 'that evaporating takesplace at any desired pressure and corresponding temperature.

I also'include distillingfy f Preferably as illustrated inFiguresy 19,

'It will be understoody that by evaporating v 20YAY and 21 I provide theire tubes with helifV cal worms e located therein and which serve thedouble function of (l) battling the gases traversingcsame and (2) serveas a means for cleaning the tubes.

Said helical worms are operated intermittently or substantiallycontinuously for the purpose ofk removing `carbonaceous deposits fromthe interior of the tubes. The rotation of the Worms is convenientlyeffected by moving the cover plate clear of the corresponding spyholesvand-,inserting the boss .end ofan operating handle .el therein.

The said boss is internally threaded to ref ceive a corresponding threadon the end of the shaft of the helical .worm and is further providedwithv a short external helix e? which constitutes a continuation of thehelix of the worin. By suchv arrangement while `the helical worm isbeing rotated to remove the saiddeposits the passages ol'the gases .f

of 'combustion through. the terrupted.

tubes isnot in- 3i It'fwill beseen on reference tothe draw- 'ings thatall the fire tubes aresubstantially lequally distributed in the lowerhalf of the boiler andv further that the tubes whichl ter-v i minate ineach smoke box are llikewise equallydistributed on both sidesoiIV thevertical centreline of the boiler. Furnaces may be utilized instead ofburners.y

What l claim is l. An apparatus tor steam raising', boiling andevaporating liquids comprising a horizontalv boiler, fire tubesextending longi-r 4.

tudinally therethrough, smoke boxes at each end of the boiler, firingchambers located i' intermediate between the boiler ,ends and smokeboxes, substantially half of .said tubes extending from the iiringchamber al' one end ofthe boiler tojthe smoke box at the f otherendthereof, vand the remainder or" the fire tubes extending from theother firing chamber to the smoke box at the other end of the boiler,and burners located in both firing chambers to simultaneously supplyheat to the fire tubes which terminate there- 1n.

ilo

2. An apparatus for steam raising, boiling and evaporating liquidscomprising a hori- Vzontal. boiler, fire tubes extending longitudi.-nally therethrough, smoke -boxes at each f end of the boiler, firingchambers located intermediate between the boiler ends and smoke boxes,substantially half ot said tubes extending from the firing chamber atone end of the boiler to the smoke box. at the other end thereof, andthe remainder of the tire tubes extending from the `other .tiringchamber to the smoke box at'the other end of the boiler, burners locatedin both tiring chambers to simultaneously supply heat to the tire tubeswhich terminate therein, and a source et suction to draw the products ofcombustion from each end of the boiler simultaneously in oppositedirections through the tire tubes to the smoke boxes at vthe oppositeends ot the boiler.

3. Anv apparatus 'for steam raising, boiling and evaporating liquidscomprising a horizontal boiler, lire tubes extending longitudinallytherethrough, smoke boxes at each end of the boiler, firing chamberslocated intermediate between the boiler ends and smoke boxes, extensiontubes extending from substantially half of said tubes at one end. ot theboiler through the corresponding firing Chamber and terminating in thecorresponding smoke box, extension tubes extending from `the remainderof the tire tubes through the other liring chamber and terminating inthe corresponding smoke box, burners located in both firing chambers tosupply heat to the4 fire tubes which terminate therein, and a source ofsuction to cause the gaseous products ot combustion from said burners totravel from each en'd of the boiler simultaneously in oppositedirections through the re tubes to the smoke boxes at opposite ends ofthe boiler. 1

4L. An apparatus for steam raising, boiling and evaporating liquidscomprising a hori` Zontal boiler, lire tubes extending longitudinallytherethrough, smoke boxes at each end of the boiler, ring chamberslocated intermediate between the boiler ends and smoke boxes, extensiontubes extending from substantially half of said tubes, through thefiring chamber at one end o the boiler' and terminating in thecorresponding smoke box, extension tubes extending from the remain derof the lire tubes, through the other liring chamber and terminating inthe smoke box atr the other end of the boiler, burners located-in thefiring chambers at each .end o't' the boilers, to supply heat to thetubes which terminate therein and suction means to simultan'eously. drawthe gaseous products of combustion from each end of the boiler throughthe boiler in opposite directions to the smoke boxes at the oppositeends of the boiler.

5. An apparatus for steam raising, boiling and evaporating liquidscomprising a horizontal boiler, re tubes extending longitudinallytherethrough, smoke boxes at each end ot the boiler, firing chambersYlocated intermediate betweeny the boiler ends and smoke boxes, extensiontubes extending from substantially-half of said tubes, through the iringchamber at' one Vend of the boiler and terminating in the correspondingsmoke box,

extension tubes extending from the remain-V 6. An apparatus 'for steamraising, boilingl and evaporating liquids comprising a horizontalboiler', smoke boxes at each end thereof, firing chambers located,between said smoke boxes and the boiler ends, an auxiliary boilerlocated between one of said tiring chambers and corresponding smoke box,lire tubes Iextending from one vet said tiring chambers through theboiler and through .the tiring chamber and auxiliary boiler toithe smokebox at the other end ot the boiler, a substantially similar number oflire tubes exn tending from the other end of said firing chambers,through the boiler through the tiring chamber at the other end andAterminating in the other smoke box, burners located in the .firingchambers at each end of the boiler and in alignment withv the lire tubesterminating in said chambers and a source of suction to cause'thegaseous products of combustion to travel simultaneously from each end ofthe boiler in vopposite directions through the Vfire tubes from theburners to Athe smoke boxes at the opposite end.

7 An apparatus for steam raising, boiling and evaporating liquidscomprising a hori# Zontal boiler, smoke boxes at each end thereof,firing chambers located intermediate lbetween thel boiler ends and smokeboxes, aux iliaryboilers located Vbetween vboth smoke boxes and firingchambers, fire tubes extending from a firing chamber at one end of theboiler, through the boiler and firing chamber and auxiliary boiler atthe other `end of the boiler vand terminating in the correspending smokebox, a substantially equal.

number of lire tubes extending from the other of said firing chambersthrough the boiler and firing chamber and auxiliary boiler at the otherend of the boiler and terminating in the Vcorresponding"smoke box,burners located in the firing chambersua't .each end of the. boiler andin 'alignment with the lire tubes terminating in said chambers and asourceof suction to causethe gas'- r eous'products of combustion'totravel simultaneously from each 'end of the boiler. in

lio

opposite directions through the fire tubes from the burners to the smokeboxes at the opposite end. i

8. An apparatus for steam raising, boiling and evaporatingliquidscomprising a horizontal boiler, fire tubes extending longitudinallytherethrough, smoke boxes at each end of the boiler, firing chamberslocated intermediate between the boiler ends and smoke boxes,substantially half of said tubes .extending from the tiring' chamber atone end of the boiler to the smoke box at the other end thereof, andtheremainder of the lire tubes extending from the other iiring chamber tothe smoke box at the other end of the boiler, burners located in bothring chambers to simultaneously supply heat to the fire tubes whichterminate therein, rotatable helical Worms. located in saidv tubes and Aa source of suction to dra-W the products of combustion from each end ofthe boiler sif inultaneously in opposite directions through the liretubes to the smoke boxes at eachk end of the boiler.

WM. DONALD.

